FrenchDuck’s databank

French Duck’s databank on France, French wine, French food, travel to and within France and events in France at www.frenchduck.co.uk

[powered by WordPress.]

March 15, 2008

Exploring the South West of France

by @ 10:26 am. Filed under 47 Lot et Garonne, Accommodation in France, Aquitaine, Cotes du Marmandais, Côtes de DUras, France, Holday ideas, SW France Wines, South West France, Travel, road

An Evolution Motor HomeThe problem (and delight) of South West France is that there are so many areas to explore, and often renting a gite can be so delightful that getting out and exploring might be limited to the nearest town and trips for French Bread, a bar and an ocassional restaurant.
However, an English couple (Jason and Michelle) have established a Motorhome (or motor caravan as I used to call them) Hire centre at St Avit (47 Lot-et-Garonne, Midi-Pyrenees) south of Duras

(see map)

Evolution will plan your itinerary for you or advise you on your existing route. If you’re a lover of fishing, walking, wine tasting etc.a personalised route planner to suit your needs can be arranged for the duration of your vacation. We will provide details of recommended camp sites.

You’ll never get lost…
We provide an on-board ready-to-use GPS navigation system. We’re on-call with a 24/7 helpline with English spoken… We can provide liaison with reputable local property agents for those seeking to purchase property in the area. Cycle and leisure equipment hire is also available. Evolution caters for all-year round rental, with winter skiing resorts only a leisurely 3 hour drive south, a little further will take you to the winter warmth of Spain.

Evolution MotorhomesSo you can avoid the long road trip through France, fly into Bergerac or Bordeaux or take the train - they will meet you at the airport or station and you’re off free to explore this rich and varied area.And with French number plates you might even get a bit more respect on the road!

For more info see www.evolutionmotorhomes.com

March 14, 2008

Stay on an organic vineyard in Saussignac

by @ 5:03 pm. Filed under 24 Dordogne, Accommodation in France, Bergerac, French wine, Gites/Villas, SW France Wines, Saussignac, Stay on a vineyard, Vineyards

Chateau Haut Garrigue, SaussignacThe organic vineyard of Chateau Haut Garrigue in the village of Saussignac (24 Dordogne, Aquitaine) near Bergerac has it all - a wonderful situation overlooking the Dordogne valley; a self-contained gite “The Grape Escape”, friendly English-speaking (well, Irish) hosts and a real opportunity to see and learn more about wine and wine-making (if that’s what you want!).

Allez Vins! used to import wines from this domaine when it was run by its previous owners, but now it is being run organically under the title “Wild Earth Vineyards” by the enthusiastic and innovative new owners, Sean and Caroline Feely.

The Grape Escape, our well-equipped 4-person gite (self-catering holiday house) is surrounded by organic vineyards and offers fabulous views across the Dordogne valley. It is semi-detached from the main farmhouse facing onto the courtyard on one side and onto the vines on the two sides built out over the vineyard.

As our guests, you are very welcome to spend time with us to learn about our wine and winemaking, taste our wines and perhaps even take part in vineyard or winery activity depending on the time of year and your energy!

No chance for me to taste their wine yet - they produce red, rosé and white Bergerac AC wines and semi-sweet and botytised dessert Saussignac AC wines. (If you want to try them they will be showing their wines at the Real Food Festival at Earls Court, London from 24-27 April 2008).

For more info on the gite, wines and other offerings contact Chateau Haut Garrigue

See map

February 27, 2008

Corbières Vineyard Accommodation

by @ 1:17 pm. Filed under 11 Aude, Accommodation in France, B&B,Chambres d'Hote, Corbières, French wine, Gites/Villas, Languedoc, Languedoc-Roussillon, Stay on a vineyard

Label of Chateau de Donos, Corbieres AC wineDeep in the heart of Corbières country of the Aude département (11 Languedoc-Roussillon) is the impressive Chateau de Donos. This is close to rugged countryisde, away from the mediterranean beaches and the autoroutes. The wine is predominantly red, rich and full-bodied as you might expect from the landscape - and increasingly becoming one of the most characterful appellations of the region. My personal favourite, Castelmaure, is only a few kilometres away.

It is a superb region away from the summer crowds and with plenty to explore - wonderful landscapes, Cathar castles and great wines. And yet within easy reach of the Mediterranean coast if you want something different. Chateau de Donos produces wines (apparently not available in the UK), but also offers both B&B and self-catering accommodation. Their Corbières AC Tradition 2004 won a “coup de coeur” in the Guide Hachette des Vins 2008.

donos_bastide.jpgThe Chambres d’Hote (B&B) accommodation is in the impressive main house (la Bastide) and comprises 3 rooms and 2 suites :

Facing south, in an environment where your tranquility will never be bothered, the rooms and Suites enjoy an exceptional setting with a view on the surounding landscape.

Following the restoration, the accommodation benefits from all modern conforts,including brand new and luxurious bathrooms.

The drawing room is very spacious and you can rest in a fresh place and watch T.V; In summer, Breakfasts are served outside in a country almost looking like the Florentine country with Cyprès trees, drystone wall and an old washer.

There are also 2 cottages to rent on the Estate which look totally charming.

For more info see www.chateaudonos.com

Aude Tourisme website
see map —- Read more on this + more info + photos/maps …….

February 18, 2008

Picardie’s Bird and Nature Festival

by @ 7:22 pm. Filed under 02 Aisne, 60 Oise, 80 Somme, Accommodation in France, France, Gites/Villas, Holiday Parks, Picardie, events
April 12, 2008toApril 20, 2008

Festival of Birds and Nature in PicardieWith the arrival of Spring comes a celebration of Birds and Wildlife in Picardie ( Festival de l’Oiseau et de la Nature) from 12 - 20 April 2008. Forget the stereotyped connotations of Picardy, the Somme and northern France, this is an area of lakes, sanddunes, cliffs and gentle river valleys which is a haven for birds and wildlife - fantastic walking country, glorious seascapes and plenty of paths for hiking and rambling, and an extensive network of cycle paths. Whilst it may lack the best of the weather and has few exciting towns, the countryside is well worth a visit - especially as it is so close to the Channel ports of Calais, Boulogne, Dieppe and Le Havre.
The festival itself will offer guided walks, exhibitions, films and workshops, but the landscape and wildlife are the main attractions.
For more info on the Festival see www.festival-oiseau-nature.com/
For more info on the region generally see www.picardietourisme.fr

Belle Dune Holiday village in PicardieFor somewhere a little different to stay in Picardie you could try the Belle Dune self-catering Holiday Village.

Belle Dune is one of Pierre & Vacances’ most popular self catering holiday villages in France. Built in the 20th Century style of the Picardy region, the village nestles in a preserved natural area of sand dunes, is surrounded by a large lake and flanked by one of France’s finest golf courses. On-site activities are numerous, the beach is accessible by train plus a mini-market and an English pub.

For more info and special offers see P&V

Book your cross-channel ferry online -

 Ferry to France by AFerry.to 

February 13, 2008

Saffron Festival in the Touraine

by @ 11:04 am. Filed under 37 Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France, French Food, Loire Wines, Markets, Touraine, UK Wine Merchants, events
February 16, 2008

Saffron Gin from Arthur Rackham
A surprise to find Saffron being grown as far north as the southern Touraine, but the village of Preuilly-sur-Caise (37 Indre-et-Loire, Centre) celebrates this pricey spice with a Fete du Safran (16 Feb 2008) - fortunately held indoors at this time of year - where you can purchase saffron, and taste and buy saffron-infused products and/or try some special saffron recipes.

“The origins of saffron growing in southern Touraine are still shrouded in mystery. Today there are various theories of how it came about, including the practice being brought over by Arab armies in the 8th century and an original initiative by the monks at the local abbey. In any event, over the centuries the harvest of the precious Crocus sativus stigmas has become a veritable tradition in this southern part of Touraine . Every year, the one-day celebration that is Preuilly-sur-Claise Saffron Fair serves as a reminder of the fact. From 10 a .m. to 6 p.m. you can see the stalls bright with the magnificent purple colour of dried saffron, talk to the local producers about the best way of using the spice, and - why not - treat yourself to a sample of pure flavour? Remember, you only need a few stigmas to flavour a fish dish for example.”

Preuilly-sur-ClaiseThe village lies in an attractive valley in the south of Touraine in the centre of a triangle between Tours, Poitiers and Chateauroux. There’s an interesting web site set up by a couple of Australians living in France which is worth exploring - Days on the Claise!
For more info see www.tourism-touraine.com

Over in Dijon (Cote d’Or, Burgundy) France’s leading micro-distiller Gabriel Boudier makes a Saffron Gin from a rediscovered French colonial recipe of eight natural botanicals.

Gabriel Boudier is a leading micro-distiller in Dijon France with a reputation for fine spirits since 1874. Saffron Gin is a unique recipe discovered in the archives of France’s colonial past when England and France both claimed India as their jewel and gin rich in exotic botanicals was the fashion. This handcrafted, small batch pot distilled gin is made from the finest natural botanicals, in addition to the Saffron which gives a delicately spicy character, the recipe has Juniper, Coriander, Lemon, Orange Peel, Angelica Seeds, Iris and Fennel, creating one of the most complex and memorable gins distilled today. Enjoy Saffron Gin on the rocks or with Tonic.

This exotic tipple is available from Arthur Rackham Emporia in Guildford and online.

UPDATE - the following additional info from Susan Walter at Days on the Claise:

I thought you might like to know that the Foire au Safran is one of those relatively recently revived ‘traditions’. Saffron hasn’t been grown commercially in the area for hundreds of years, but the local comité des fêtes thought it would be a fun theme to hang an annual event on. There are a few saffron growers, who take it very seriously and are keen to keep the tradition alive as far as possible, but it is acknowledged that it will never be more than a hobby for anyone. Bulbs are available for sale from one of the growers in the summer for anyone who wants to try them, and all the stall holders at the foire are very creative about introducing safran into their products. It’s a thoroughly enjoyable day and everyone is very relaxed and friendly. One of the hotels does a special saffron themed meal in the evening.

February 6, 2008

St Emilion’s Spring Festival

by @ 6:27 pm. Filed under 33 Gironde, Aquitaine, Bordeaux wine, French wine, St Emilion, Wine Festivals, Wine Regions, events
June 15, 2008

St Emilion logoThe Spring Festival (Fete de Printemps) takes place in the medieval town of St Emilion (33 Gironde, Aquitaine), one of the best appellations for Bordeaux red wines. There is always a colourful parade with a band through the town, with plenty of opportunities to taste some of the wines at any of the wine shops scattered through the town.
For more info see www.frenchduck.com

February 1, 2008

Isola 2000’s big snowball fight

by @ 11:31 pm. Filed under 06 Alpes-Maritimes, Provence (PACA), events
February 11, 2008

Isola 2000
One way to make the best of winter could be to head to the ski resort of Isola 2000 (06 Alpes-Maritimes, Provence-Alpes-Cote d’Azur) where they hold an annual snowball fight (une tournée de batailles de boules de neige) - open to all, including families.
Isola 2000 is a ski resort built in the 1970s in the southern Alps, about 90 minutes from Nice. The 2000 refers to its altitude - 2000 metres above sea-level, as such almost guaranteed decent in all but the fairest winters.

For more info see www.isola2000.com

>rail europe

January 28, 2008

Sweet French Cottages in the Aveyron

by @ 6:02 am. Filed under 12 Aveyron, Accommodation in France, Entraygues-le Fel, France, Gites/Villas, Marcillac, Midi Pyrenees, SW France Wines

Entraygues-et-fel wine labelTwo of the lesser-known wine appellations of Southwest are Marcillac AOC and Entraygues-et-Fel VDQS are in Aveyron departement (12, Midi-Pyrenees) in the Upper Lot Valley. One way of getting to know the region (and its wines) is by renting one of three charming 200+ year-old restored cottages nestled on the hillsides near the Lot River. These rental cottages offer beautiful interiors, lovely views and relaxing ambiance.All of the “Sweet French Cottages” are located in the area that boasts 10 of “The Most Beautiful Villages in France,” more than any other region so you can just imagine how beautiful it is! Many historic sites, castles, forests, walking paths, hiking trails, wine tasting, restaurants, horseback riding, kayaking, canoeing and golf or just sit and enjoy the views! Gorgeous village of Entraygues-sur-Truyere offers full services and is only minutes away.

Sweet French Cottages in the AveyronAll cottages are newly renovated to a high standard by the owner-designer, and are fully outfitted for self catering. Each has beautiful, comfortable interiors with antiques and quality furnishings. Many original features including stone exteriors, slate roofs, wood beam ceilings, fireplaces, handmade terracotta tile floors or pine floors. Delightful river, castle and forest views.

Read more on this + more info + photos/maps …….

January 23, 2008

01 Ain, Rhone-Alpes - wine and chicken!

by @ 10:39 am. Filed under 01 Ain, 69 Rhone, Accommodation in France, B&B,Chambres d'Hote, Burgundy wine, Christmas Market, French Food, French wine, Grape Varieties, Markets, Rhone-Alpes, Vineyards, Wine Festivals, Wine Regions, events
January 25, 2008toJanuary 26, 2008
December 16, 2008toDecember 21, 2008

In the east of France and to the east of Burgundy adjacent to Switzerland, the Ain is probably a little overlooked by most visitors.

With Bourg-en-Bresse as its principal town it is a region of gentle hills and river valleys - which is one of the hidden parts of France.

The departement includes Bugey and the wines of Bugey. These are VDQS wines (Vins Délimité de Qualité Superieure) - a classification between full Appellation Controllee and VIns de Pays. As such there are restrictions on grape varieties used and planting and harvesting techniques - and the grapes must be grown in the designated region. White wines from Chardonnay, Roussette; Rosé wines from Gamay and Poulsard; Reds from Gamay, Pinot and Mondeuse; and sparkling wines from Chardonnay. Seldom seen in the UK.
For an opportunity to taste some of these wines there is an open tasting in Lyon from 25-26 January 2008 - click here for more details
For more on the wines of Bugey see www.vinsdubugey.net
One of the highlights of the year is the celebration of the famous yellow corn-fed chickens from Bourg-en-Bresse - the Glorieuses de Bresse held every December shortly before Christmas (for 2008 it runs from 16-21 December 2008 - in the form of a market and other festivities held in Bourg-en-Bresse, Louhans, Pont de Vaux and Montrevel-en-Bresse - see www.glorieusesdebresse.com
Logo of the Ain departement, France
More info - see the Ain Tourism Office

For an English run B&B in the region with a knowledgeable host and guide see B&B Burgundy

January 22, 2008

Toulouse’ Violet Festival

by @ 6:04 am. Filed under 31 Haut-Garonne, Midi Pyrenees, events
February 9, 2008toFebruary 10, 2008

Toulouse Violet Festival 2008Toulouse (31 Haut Garonne, Midi-Pyrenees) is known as the Pink City but violet is the colour for February.

Every year in February, during the flowering season of this highly-perfumed little flower, the Festival de la Violette is organised by Les Amis de la Violette.
The violet is the emblematic flower of Toulouse, and has been cultivated by the market gardeners in the north of the city since the 19th century. Nowadays, “La Violette de Toulouse” is a registered trademark, to be found on a wide variety of products (sweets, perfume, liqueur, etc.) and offers an excellent reason to celebrate as well as to explore Toulouse - the City of Violets!

For more info see www.uk.toulouse-tourisme.com

January 21, 2008

Stay on a vineyard in Chinon

by @ 9:48 am. Filed under 37 Indre-et-Loire, Accommodation in France, Centre, Chinon/Bourgeuil, Gites/Villas, Loire Valley, Loire Wines, Stay on a vineyard

GIte at Domaine de la RoncéeChinon is one of the better known Loire Wines, with an attractive riverside town and castle at its heart, and a reputation for some of the best Cabernet Franc reds.
A little to the east of the town in Cravant-les-Coteaux Christophe Baudy and Jean-Martin Dutour own and run an impressive set of vineyards producing some of the best wines of the appellation. They also have a couple of gites to rent on the vineyard and offer an impressive list of recommendations for restaurants, chambres d’hotes and places to visit locally, such as the Azay-le-Rideau. They also provide a downloadable guide to the Chinon wine route .

For more info on the accommodation see www.baudry-dutour.com

In the UK wines from the Domaine du Roncée are available from Handford Wines (London)

January 15, 2008

Lemons at Menton 2008

by @ 5:25 am. Filed under 06 Alpes-Maritimes, Provence (PACA), events
February 16, 2008toMarch 5, 2008

Menton Lemon Festival

The riviera town of Menton (06 Alpes-Maritimes, Provence) celebrates the citrus fruits every winter, bring a zesty touch of colour and animation to the town. The theme this year is the Islands of the World and the festivities include a Parade of Golden Fruits (floats of figures made from oranges and lemons (see below), a moonlit parade with fireworks, a Lemon Exhibition (A world tour in citrus: travel to all four corners of the world, as rendered by citrus fruits!) and illuminated gardens (Gardens of Light).
For more info see www.feteducitron.com

Float at Menton Lemon Festival

January 14, 2008

Monte Carlo Rallye 2008

by @ 11:46 pm. Filed under 06 Alpes-Maritimes, 07 Ardeche, 26 Drome, Heritage, Provence (PACA), Travel, events, road
January 24, 2008toJanuary 27, 2008
February 1, 2008toFebruary 6, 2008

Whilst it may lack the international length and high glamour of its glory years the Monte Carlo Rally still makes an exciting spectacle through the Ardeche, Drome and Alpes-Maritime departements - through the mountains of Haut-Provence and down to the Mediterranean.
For details of the route and timings see www.acm.mc

The slower, but possibly better viewing for the spectator is the Rallye Historique, which does involve numerous start points such as Barcelona, Copenhagen, Turin and Reims before coming together for the final section down to Monte Carlo - this runs from 1- 6 February 2008. To qualify as “historic” the cars have to have been built before 1980!
For details of the route and timings see www.acm.mc

Monte Carlo Grand Prix



Buy at AllPosters.com

January 13, 2008

Paris Carnaval - or Fat Cow Parade

by @ 6:00 am. Filed under 75 Paris, France, Paris Ile de France, events
February 3, 2008

Carnaval time comes to Paris (Porte de Bagnolet) on 3 February 2008 which comprises “a festive costumed parade through Paris with a stately Limousine cow in a splendid red robe heading the procession. Called Pimprenelle Saint-Fargeau II, she is the carnival mascot and will lead the Fatted Ox parade (the Fatted Ox being a reference to a popular 16th century tradition).”

For more info see www.carnaval-pantruche.org/

Rail Europe offers great value rail fares from the new St Pancras International to Paris in 2h 15mins with Eurostar
See map of the route - starts at 3pm from the Porte de Bagnolet and ends at the Hotel de Ville.

View Larger Map

January 12, 2008

Markets in Tarn-et-Garonne (82)

by @ 2:07 pm. Filed under 82 Tarn et Garonne, Markets, Midi Pyrenees, South West France

Tarn-et-Garonne (82 Midi-Pyrenees) lies between Toulouse to the south, Agen to the West and Cahors to the North. The main town is Montauban.
(see map)
Please check locally before heading for any of these markets - some do not run every week and many do not run in the winter. Some may also be held in the evening rather than morning.

Beaumont-de-Lomagne - Saturday
Bourg-de-Visa - Sunday
Castelsagrat - Sunday
Castelsarrasin - Thursday, Saturday
Caussade - Monday
Caylus - Tuesday
Finhan - Wednesday
Grisolles - Wednesday
Labastide-St-Pierre - Wednesday
Lafrancaise - Wednesday, Sunday
Laguepie - Wednesday
Lamagistere - Sunday
Lauzerte - Wednesday, Saturday
Lavit-de-Lomagne - Friday
Moissac - Saturday, Sunday
Molieres - Friday
Monclar-de-Quercy - Thursday
Montaigu-de-Quercy - Saturday
Montauban - Wednesday, Saturday
Montech - Tuesday
Montpezat-de-Quercy - Sunday
Montricoux - Friday
Negrepelisse - Tuesday
Realville - Saturday
Roquecor - Sunday
Septfonds - Wednesday
St-Antonin-Noble-Val - Sunday
St-Nicolas-de-la-Grave - Sunday
Valence-d’Agen - Tuesday, Saturday

January 10, 2008

Independent Wine Makers’ Fair - Paris, Spring 08

by @ 11:20 pm. Filed under 75 Paris, Paris Ile de France, Wine Festivals, events
March 28, 2008toMarch 31, 2008

Vignerons Independents logoThe wine fairs of the Vignerons Independents (independent winemakers) for the first half of 2008 include Paris (75 Paris, Ile de France), Porte de Champerret (on the northern Peripherique from 28-31 March 2008
For a small entry fee you get the chance to meet winemakers from all the wine regions of France, to taste some of their wines and buy at vineyard gate prices.
No co-operatives, negociants or multi-nationals

January 7, 2008

Independent Wine Makers Fair - Lyon

by @ 11:14 pm. Filed under 69 Rhone, Rhone-Alpes, events
March 1, 2008toMarch 3, 2008

Vignerons Independents logoThe wine fairs of the Vignerons Independents (independent winemakers) for the first half of 2008 include Lyon (69 Rhone, Rhone-Alpes), Eurexpo from 1-3 March 2008
For a small entry fee you get the chance to meet winemakers from all the wine regions of France, to taste some of their wines and buy at vineyard gate prices.
No co-operatives, negociants or multi-nationals

January 6, 2008

Ban des Vendanges in St Emilion

by @ 6:10 pm. Filed under 33 Gironde, Aquitaine, Bordeaux wine, French wine, St Emilion, Wine Festivals, Wine Regions, events
September 21, 2008

St Emilion logoThe Proclamation of the Harvest takes place in the medieval town of St Emilion (33 Gironde, Aquitaine), one of the best appellations for Bordeaux red wines. There is always a colourful parade with a band through the town, with plenty of opportunities to taste some of the wines at any of the wine shops scattered through the town.
For more info see www.frenchduck.com

January 4, 2008

Independent Winemakers Fair - Strasbourg

by @ 11:11 pm. Filed under 67 Bas-Rhin, Alsace, Alsace wine, French wine, Wine Festivals, events
February 15, 2008toFebruary 18, 2008

Vignerons Independents logoThe wine fairs of the Vignerons Independents (independent winemakers) for the first half of 2008 include Strasbourg (67 Bas Rhin,Alsace), Parc des Expositions Wacken from 15-18 February 2008.
For a small entry fee you get the chance to meet winemakers from all the wine regions of France, to taste some of their wines and buy at vineyard gate prices.
No co-operatives, negociants or multi-nationals

January 3, 2008

Eguisheim Alsace Wine Festival

by @ 5:16 pm. Filed under 68 Haut-Rhin, Accommodation in France, Alsace, Alsace wine, French wine, Holiday Parks, Stay on a vineyard, Wine Festivals, events
August 30, 2008toAugust 31, 2008

eguisheim in AlsaceEguisheim (68 Haut-Rhin, Alsace) celebrates its 48th Winegrowers’ festival in August 2008. Set in the heart of the Alsace vineyards you’ll find opend doots to local wine cellars, plenty of opportunities to taste (including some of the Grand Cru wines), folk dancing and music
For more info see www.ot-eguisheim.fr

As well as the Alsace Wine Route which extends throughout Alsace by road, there is also a signposted vineyard path (“Sentier viticole”) which will

“lead you to discover the wine and the vineyard of Eguisheim, in detail and in an unusual way. With the help of explanatory panels distributed along the route, you will get to know the 7 Alsatian types of vines. Some others panels present the work of wine growers. You will discover two great wines, Eichberg and Pfersigberg, with their relative geology and sun aspect of the vineyard. You will also enjoy the landscape, as the view of Eguisheim, Trois-Château, and vineyards.”

Eguisheim is also recognised as one of France’s Villes et Villages Fleuris offering a warm welcome and a wealth of blooms.

villes et villages fleuris logoEguisheim is one of the villages on the Route du Vin running from Thann to Marlenheim. This medieval town was built in concentric circles round its fortified castle, where the only Pope from Alsace, Leo IX, is said to have been born. It has a unique combination of civil and military architecture from the 15th Century. There is a pleasant signposted walk round the ramparts, actually following the old sentry path round the battlements. Everywhere are half-timbered houses, with balconies weighed down with the red geraniums which have become part of the heritage of Alsace !

P&V Eguisheim Alsace
The Alsace region has managed to preserve its ancestral traditions with its medieval castles rising up above the plain, a wealth of Renaissance and Neo-Classical architecture, varied gastronomy and original folklore. It also has some of the most famous vineyards in France, including its Wine Route. One option as a base for exploring this glorious region is the Résidence Le clos d’ Eguisheim, which is located on the “Alsace Wine Route” and is a complex inspired by local architecture comprising apartments and a heated indoor swimming pool

[powered by WordPress.]

search the French Duck Network :

      
      French Time
Click for Toulouse, France Forecast

Pierre et Vacances, France

French Duck categories: